RESUMEN
In December 2019, an emergence of pneumonia was detected in patients infected with a novel coronavirus (CoV) in Wuhan (Hubei, China). The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses named the virus severe acute respiratory syndromeCoV2 and the disease CoV disease19 (COVID19). Patients with COVID19 present with symptoms associated with respiratory system dysfunction and hematological changes, including lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and coagulation disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, the pathogenesis of COVID19 remains unclear. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the hematological changes that manifest during COVID19 may aid in the development of treatments and may improve patient prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/sangre , Neumonía Viral/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Complejo Antígeno-Anticuerpo/inmunología , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Betacoronavirus/inmunología , COVID-19 , Microambiente Celular , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Coronavirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/terapia , Síndrome de Liberación de Citoquinas/sangre , Síndrome de Liberación de Citoquinas/etiología , Síndrome de Liberación de Citoquinas/prevención & control , Citocinas/sangre , Pruebas Diagnósticas de Rutina , Endotelio Vascular/patología , Pruebas Hematológicas , Hematopoyesis/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/patología , Humanos , Hipoalbuminemia/etiología , Hígado/fisiopatología , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Linfopenia/etiología , Linfopenia/fisiopatología , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Neumonía Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Viral/terapia , Daño por Reperfusión/etiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Trombocitopenia/etiología , Trombocitopenia/fisiopatología , Trombofilia/etiología , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19RESUMEN
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Emerging genetic and clinical evidence suggests similarities between COVID-19 patients and those with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Hematological changes such as lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia are not rare in COVID-19 patients, and a smaller population of these patients had leukopenia. Thrombocytopenia was detected in 5-41.7% of the patients with COVID-19. Analyzing the dynamic decrease in platelet counts may be useful in the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of thrombocytopenia remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes the hematological changes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and possible underlying mechanisms of thrombocytopenia development.